To What Extent Can USA and USSR Be Blamed for the Start of the Cold War Essay Example for Free

To What Extent Can USA and USSR Be Blamed for the Start of the Cold War Essay To What extent can USA and USSR be blamed for the start of the Cold War? After World War II, a new world order was created as USSR and USA emerged as the two superpowers. There were already existing tensions between these two before the war and the wartime alliance was more out of the need to destroy the common enemy, Germany, rather than out of mutual agreements between these two. It has been argued that the cold war was caused mostly by the USSR because of their Marxism- Leninism ideology and their leader Stalin. To a large extent according to the Orthodox historians, Marxism- Leninism was responsible for the Cold War as it was an expansionist, aggressive ideology. They expanded under the aim to ‘liberate masses’ from capitalism. This greatly threatened the USA politically as this ‘liberation’ meant a communist takeover in the ‘liberated’ country. Also, the Orthodox historians argue that Stalin showed numerous signs of his unwillingness to co-operate in his dealings with Eastern Europe. Though Stalin had promised at Yalta to initiate free and fair elections in the Eastern-European states, he went against his word and created communist governments in all the states that were supposed to be freed. In Poland, for example, when the Peasant Party refused to join the ‘Democratic Front’ as demanded by the communists, the leader and other party officials were subjected to harassment and forced to flee. These aggressive acts by the communists made the Cold War inevitable. Arthur Schlesinger argued, ‘Leninism and Marxism made it impossible for the USSR and USA to co-operate. ’ Gewiss also wrote in his book, ‘Rethinking the Cold War’ that Stalin and the USSR had to be blamed for the Cold War. However, it is also very difficult to attribute the Cold War to the USSR. The Revisionist historians also have placed the blame for the Cold War on USA. The USA did not realize how devastated USSR was from World War II. About 20 million people had been killed, 1,700 cities were destroyed and about 700,000 villages were in ruins. The USSR’s control of Eastern Europe was mainly because she felt insecure because of her status. However, USA had emerged more economically powerful as she had experienced a wartime boom. The USA knew her economic power and thus used it to finance all her plans. This economic boom she experienced lead to the need to trade to maintain her status. Revisionists argue that the USA was responsible for the Cold War in the fact that she wanted to spread the policy of democracy. The USA wanted to create a form of ‘dollar imperialism’. Some historians argue that with this new form of imperialism, there was no need to politically take over the country. This can be identified in the Truman doctrine. The USA wanted to contain communism, that is, to stop it from spreading throughout the world. However, this was a very important policy, the ‘policy of containment’, as it marked the official beginning of the Cold War for many. After Churchill’s famous speech, ‘The Iron Curtain Speech’, he indicated the need of an Anglo-American alliance to put a stop to the communists. This was rather significant as it created quite some suspicion in the USSR. Stalin even recognized ‘The Iron Curtain Speech’ as a declaration of war and he replied to this speech by indicating that Mr. Churchill believed that only English speaking nations had the power to control the world. Revisionists argued that this actually caused Stalin to start formally annexing Eastern Europe. However, to blame the Cold War on these two nations will not be all too justifiable because of other factors that contribute largely to the Cold War; one of which was fear which consequently lead to each party misinterpreting the other’s actions and reaching out of fear. Post revisionists argue that most of the actions carried out in the Cold War were out of fear. USSR’s need to control Eastern Europe was as a result of her fear of being attacked again as she said that Germany had only been able to attack the USSR because that states around her were not friendly. The USA misinterpreted USSR’s actions as aggressive and wanting to take over the world. Similarly, when USA introduced the Marshall aid, she did it in order to help Europe to recover from the alarming war loss and also to enable trade with Europe. This aid was interpreted by the USSR as an anti-communism act and consequently rejected this aid for all her satellites. The cold war has many interpretations however, although the USSR and the USA had large roles to play in the development of the Cold War, these attitudes play coupled with other activities that made the Cold War inevitable.

CIA Essay -- essays research papers

The Central Inteligence Agency The CIA is one of the U.S. foreign inteligency agencies, responsible for getting and analyzing information about foreign government, corporations, individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. government. The State Department's Bureau or inteligence and reserch and theDefense Department'sdefense inteligence agency comprise the other two. Its headquarters is inLangley, Virginia, across the Potomac River from D.C. The Agency, created in 1947 by President Harry S. Trueman, is a descendant of the Office of stratigic Services(OSS) of World War 2. The OSS was dissolved in October 1945 but William J. Jonavan, the creator of the OSS, had submitted a proposal to President Roosevelt in 1944. He called for a new organization having direct Presidential supervision, "which will procure intelligence both by overt and covert methods and will at the same time provide intelligence guidance, determine national intelligence objectives, and correlate the intel ligence material collected by all government agencies." Despite strong opposition from the military, the State Department, and the FBI, Truman established the Central Intelligence Group in January 1946. Later under the National Security Act of 1947, the National Security council and the Central Intelligence Agency were established. In 1949, the Central Inteligence Agency Act (also called "Public Law 110") was passed, permitting the agency to use confidential fiscal and administrative procedures and exempting it from many of the usual limitations on the use of federal funds. The act also exempted the CIA from having to disclose its "organization, functions, officials, titles, salaries, or numbers of personnel employed." It also created a program called "PL-110" to handle defectors and other "essential aliens" outside normal immigration procedures, as well as give those persons cover stories and economic support. The Central Intelligence Agency reports to U.S. Congressional committees but also answers to the President directly. The National Security Advisor is a permanent cabinet member responsible for briefing the President on pertinent information collected from all U.S. intelligence agenci... ... Sept. 11th, 2001, terrorist attack on theWorld Trade Center and the unreliability of U.S. intelligence onWeapons of mass Destruction in Iraq have been a focus of intense scrutiny in the U.S. in 2004 particularly in the context of the 9/11 Commision , the continuing armed resistance against U.S. occupation of Iraq, and the widely perceived need for systematic review of the respective roles of the CIA, FBI and the Defense Intelligence Agency. On July 9th, 2004 the Senate report of Pre-war Intelligenceon Iraq of the Senate Intelligence Committe stated that the CIA described the danger presented by Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq in an unreasonable way, largely unsupported by the available intelligence. In a briefing held Sept 15th, 2001 George Tenet presented the Worldwide Attack Matrix, a "top-secret" document describing covert CIA anti-terror operations in 80 countries in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. The actions, underway or being recommended, would range from "routine propaganda to lethal covert action in preparation for military attacks". The plans, if carried out, "would give the CIA the broadest and most lethal authority in its history".

Home Cooked vs. Fast Food

Benjamin Blackburn Blackburn1 Professor Barnes English 111-16 11/19/2012 Home cooked: Health over Value Instead of putting money towards car or house payments, several thousands of dollars are spent on food purchased away from home in the average American family. The numbers are even more increasing to single status Americans. Don’t get me wrong, I like fast food, but it doesn’t come close to a home cooked meal.Home cooked meals are comfort foods that help a family bond. Whether it is a recipe passed down for generations, or culinary discovery made inventive genius, nothing beats a good home cooked meal with family. The main temptation to indulge in fast food is its convenience, especially during a busy work day or long road trips. With less prepare time, fast food chooses frozen foods that are shipped to location. Although there are food chains who advertise â€Å"fresh, never frozen†, these companies are not purchasing these â€Å"fresh† products from a local, reputable supplier.Adding to fast foods convenience, these chains have to take short cuts to deliver hot food, fast! Home cooked meals may not have a convenient drive-thru, but prepping fresh meats and vegetables the night before can alleviate long prep and cooking times. We all know that fast food sales for a reasonable price. Even when there is an increase in economy, they tend to remain at those prices in order to entice the customer. When some time Blackburn 2 passes, and things seem normal in economy, then they will increase prices slightly.It is my belief that fast food wants Americans to know they are suffering with them, therefore winning the people’s choice. Happy customers make for good business, with fewer complaints. Although home cooked meals seem much more expensive than McDonalds, health plays a bigger part. Having and growing a personal garden can cut these prices down to fractions that not even fast food can compare to, not to mention more nutritious. Belief in the value for a buck is not reason enough to set aside nutritional values.Most families put their trust in Betty Crocker and Stouffers from local grocery stores. These â€Å"convenience foods† are cheap alternatives to fast food but contain as much sugar, sodium, and saturated fat as eating out. Using fresh ingredients, you are more able to control the amount of harmful ingredients used in cooking. As a matter of opinion, you know what is being put in your meals. When looking at fast food from a health stand point, salads from McDonalds contain as many calories as their best-selling Big Mac when you add salad dressing.Although fast food offers health alternatives, they are not all as healthy as they seem. With America’s increase of obesity each year, home cooking is more nutritious and clean. Plus, the fact that you are able to spend quality time with family and friends. Coming from a single parent home, I was able to do homework at the kitchen table and as my mother helped me, she would also keep a close eye on the stove while preparing meals for me and my sister. Cooking is bonding time!Eating out felt like vacations when I was growing up. It was a reward for a tough week at school. We as Americans have become lazy, and are taking the easy way out far too often. Packing a healthy snack consisting of fruits and sandwiches made at home can Blackburn 3 prevent the craving for fast food while on a road trip. The same can also be applied to working lives. Home cooked meals are not just the healthy choice, they are the better choice.

Organisational Structure Culture - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1439 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Organizational structure:- Every organization must have an effective organizational structure. Organizational structure is a system used to define a hierarchy within an organization. There are several types of organization structures in which companies follow depending on various things. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Organisational Structure Culture" essay for you Create order Formal structure- The official organization of an business that is certainly typically hierarchical inside nature. The official structure for a company can certainly generally be found on its organizational chart that always includes personnel names along with their established job titles within the organization.The organization chart for a formal based organization consists of Vice President,Salesdepartment,Customer Service Department, Engineering or production department, accounting department and Administrative department. Informal structure-This kind of organizational structure is loosely structured, flexible, spontaneous, fluctuating with its individuals membership. (pippa railey OB book, page5) Organizational Culture:- Organizational way of culture means your discussed prices as well as presumption connected with its associates. The item establishes how employees respond in a certain organization. It also affects what sort of additional setting or even how individua ls by away from organization view it. That is certainly, organizational behaviour establishes how employees respond, reply to outsider or even customers. Beneficial organizational way of life is amongst the preconditions regarding greater effectiveness as well as improvements. Compare and contrast different organizational structure and culture I have selected two organization Century Accessories Nanna Biriyani Century Accessories Century Accessories business started in 2008.There is business is polythene.They have there own production line. They produce various size of polythene.They export their poly to many countries like Dubai,Kuwait,India,Srilanka and many others.They are also supplying there poly to garments sector in Bangladesh. Organizational Structure: Century Accessories is following formal structure. They have got well created structure to satisfy their particular distinct ambitions. Span of controls Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a supervisor has.The number ofsubordinatesthat amanagerorsupervisorcan directlycontrol. This number varies with the type ofwork:complex,variablework reduces it to six, whereasroutine, fixed work increases it to twenty or more. https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/span-of-control.html#ixzz2sWTJxYcC Century Accessories is large organization with narrow spent of control. They have got volume of levels of supervision hierarchy. By making use of the actual span of control its simpler intended for Century Accessories to regulate staff. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s aid Century Accessories keep to higher communication between staff in addition to operators.Because different workers are in different level. Centralization Centralization is the process by which the activities of an organisation, particularly those regarding planning and decision-making, become concentrated within a particularlocationand/or group.OR keeping all of the important decisionmaking powers within head office or the center of the organisation. Decentralization: Decentralizstionis the process of redistributing or dispersing functions, powers, people or things away from a central location or authority. Owner of the company is taking all the decision and his employee is following his decision.So Century Accessories is following Centralization method. Century Accessories Culture: R ole of Culture Century Accessories is mainly following Role of Culture for their organization. The following are: Century Accessories actually seriously interested in misuse usage of strength and also this is one of the attributes of Role of Culture. Century Accessories is strict on their rules and regulation Century Accessories have got productive operations Nanna Biriyani Polau and Biriani are the most common dishes in the rice categories of Old Dhaka. Chef naana mia offers most popular biriyani in the town.He started business in 2013. Menu Food Price Shahi Morog Polau Full 220 Half 110 Kacchi Biriyani Full 220 Half 110 Beef Biriyani Full 110 Half 55 Grill Full 280 half 190 Parata 10 Moglai 40 Beef Kabab 60 Coke,Sprite,Fanta,Mountain Dew 15,30 Borhani(per class) 25 Organization Structure Nanna Biriyani is following informal Structure for their company. Nanna Biriyani Culture Power of Control Nanna Biriyani is mainly following Power of Culture for their organization. As a small business Nanna Biriyani is following power of culture.Proprietor is decided all the selection for your company however the owner of the company discuss critical selection together with his employees plus carry idea from their store. Compare and Contrast the Structure and Culture of the both organizations Century Accessories First of all Century Accessories is following formal structure. Century Accessories is tall organization with narrow spent of control and following Centralization method. They are following role of culture.Shamrat Kader takes all the decision by own for his organization. Nanna Biriyani Nanna Biriyani is following informal structure.Nanna Biriyani is small organization with spent control.As a small business Nanna Biriyani is following power of culture.Sarfaraz Kader takes all the decision for his organization but before taking the decison he also takes idea from his employee. How the relationship between an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s structure and culture can impact on the business. Organizational Culture and structure has effects on the organizational performance both in positive and negative way. Century Accessories provides very well constructed structure it may help this company to make appropriate choice within appropriate time, in addition to which will make the decision. By way of business structure each (Century Accessories Nanna Biriyani) business will need to help to make correct selection. The organizational structure as well as culture facilitates the two corporation to produce correct regular working environment. The organizational structure and culture helps to organizations employees what are companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rules and regulation.All company working hour start from 9am, So the employee of the company should come before 9am orelse it will counted as late entry. The organization structure and also lifestyle has additionally many unfavorable effect regarding organization performance. The identical lifestyle turns into liability when the workers dont acknowledge to share with you their beliefs along with people which raise fights. In the event the organization surrounding can be vibrant and then this may have an impact on this company effectiveness. In the event the organizational building can be sophisticated a single next your choice producing procedure while organization will probably be truly sluggish plus its going to have centralized determination producing that will decrease amount employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s are certainly not likely to be connect. The factors which influence individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behavior work The components that influence individual behavior at the job such as age group, gender, ability, style, and attitude. Age Age is very important factors of individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behavior. Youthful per sons will likely be, lively, progressive, fascinating, etc.Whereas old people are permitted to always be conservative, collection in their personal ways and in addition much less adjustable. Century Accessories the vast majority of employees usually are 25-35 years old therefore you will discover performance is extremely great theyve got equally expertise and also experience employees within their organization.But in Nanna Biriyani has only 4 employee but they also has experience. Gender The different in gender doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t affect the job performance.but in old town most of the organization wants male worker,because they thought male workers are the hard workers. Personality Individuality is the full design connected with attributes ways of considering, sensation, in addition to performing. through style most of us donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t imply this bodily looks about connected with person or perhaps women of all ages man or women. By means of persona typic ally refers to particular personal qualities for instance power, Aggressiveness, tenacity and also other characteristics reflected via personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s conduct. Perception Perception may be the see level with which one interpreters a position to explain, perception is the procedure with which details enters our intellect and it is viewed in order to supply a number of wise this means on the entire world all-around people.For Example when a clean boss feels an employee as a employment,all of us may often eliminate good relatives in addition to good friends for the reason that all of us change this perceptions with regards to these kind of. Attitude Attitude will be the method an individual senses regarding something, an individual, a location, a thing a situation or an idea. In general in case one has optimistic attitude regarding his / her do the job it will be shown through good do the job overall performance. Century Accessories offers nutritious environmen t to be able to ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s staff members so they really feel risk-free environment.For the healthy and safe environment the workers of century accessories will do their work from their heart.They have a good relation with their employee,If they treated his employe as a Dog,ultimately no workers will work properly and got disapointed with their organization.Nanna Biriyani is also giving nutritious environment and facilities. They have a good relation with their employee,their employee is satisfy with their organization.